So, you've conducted a fascinating interview, brimming with insightful quotes and valuable information. Now comes the crucial step: accurately citing your source. Proper citation isn't just about avoiding plagiarism; it's about showcasing your research integrity and building credibility. This guide will equip you with the essential routines to master interview citation, regardless of your chosen citation style (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).
Understanding the Fundamentals of Interview Citation
Before diving into the specifics, let's establish a strong foundation. The core components of any interview citation typically include:
- Interviewee Name: The name of the person you interviewed. This should be consistent throughout your work.
- Interview Date: The date the interview took place. This helps establish the context and currency of your information.
- Interview Method: Was it conducted in person, over the phone, or via video conferencing (e.g., Zoom)? Specifying the method adds detail.
- Type of Interview: Consider if it was a formal, structured interview, or a more informal conversation. This helps the reader understand the context of the information.
Crafting Your Citation: A Step-by-Step Guide
The precise formatting will vary based on your chosen citation style (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.). However, the core elements remain the same. Let's walk through a general approach, then highlight style-specific nuances.
1. In-Text Citations: Weaving Quotes Seamlessly
When incorporating interview quotes into your text, you'll need an in-text citation. This typically includes the interviewee's last name and the date of the interview. For example:
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Example (Informal): "[Direct quote from interviewee]", (Smith, 2023, personal communication).
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Example (Formal): According to Dr. Jones, " [Direct quote from interviewee]" (Jones, 2023, interview).
Important Note: "Personal communication" is often used for informal interviews; for formal interviews, specify "interview" instead. Always check your specific citation style guide for the most precise wording.
2. Bibliography/Works Cited: Providing Complete Details
Your bibliography or works cited page requires a more detailed entry. This section provides readers with all the necessary information to track down your source, should they desire to do so. Here's a general structure:
[Interviewee's Last Name, Interviewee's First Name]. "Interview Title (if applicable)." Interview by [Your Name]. [Date of Interview]. [Type of Interview].
Style-Specific Considerations:
Each citation style has its own nuances. Here's a brief overview:
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MLA: MLA focuses on conciseness. Your bibliography entry will generally include the interviewee's name, interview date, and method.
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APA: APA is commonly used in the social sciences. Similar to MLA, it emphasizes brevity. Note the use of "personal communication" or a more formal designation, depending on the context.
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Chicago: Chicago style offers flexibility, with options for notes and bibliography. Your style choice will determine how you format your citation.
Pro Tip: Always consult the official style guide for the most up-to-date and accurate information. These guides are usually available online from reputable academic sources.
Beyond the Basics: Enhancing Your Citations
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Multiple Interviews with the Same Person: If you've interviewed the same person multiple times, differentiate your citations by adding a date suffix (e.g., Smith, 2023a, Smith, 2023b).
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Transcriptions: If you've created a transcription of the interview, you can cite that as a secondary source alongside your citation for the actual interview.
Mastering Interview Citation: A Continuous Process
Accurate citation is a crucial skill that develops over time. By incorporating these essential routines into your workflow and referring to authoritative style guides, you'll confidently navigate the nuances of citing interviews and establish your credibility as a researcher. Remember that consistency and attention to detail are key to producing impeccable work.
